Novel concepts in vague incidence graphs with application

Fuzzy graph (FG) models enjoy the ubiquity of being in natural and humanmade structures, namely dynamic process in physical, biological, and social systems. As a result of inconsistent and indeterminate information inherent in real-life problems, which are often uncertain, it is highly difficult for an expert to model those problems based on an FG. Vague incidence graph (VIG) can deal with the uncertainty associated with the inconsistent and determinate information of any real-world problem, where FGs may fail to reveal satisfactory results. Also, VIGs are outstandingly practical tools for analyzing different computer science domains such as networking, clustering, capturing the image, and also other issues such as medical sciences, and traffic planning. Hence, in this research, we introduce new operations on VIGs, namely, maximal product, rejection, and residue product with several examples. Likewise, some results related to operations have been described.Publisher's Versio

A study on irregularity in vague graphs with application in social relations

Considering all physical, biological and social systems, fuzzy graph models serves the elemental processes of all natural and artificial structures. As the indeterminate information is an essential real-life problems, which are mostly uncertain, modelling those problems based on fuzzy graph is highly demanding for an expert. Vague graph can manage the uncertainty relevant to the inconsistent and indeterminate information of all real-world problems, in which fuzzy graphs possibly will not succeed into bringing about satisfactory results. Also, vague graphs are so useful tool to examine many issues such as networking, social systems, geometry, biology, clustering, and traffic plan. Hence, in this paper, we introduce strongly edge irregular vague graphs and strongly edge totally irregular vague graphs. A comparative study between strongly edge irregular vague graphs and strongly edge totally irregular vague graphs is done. Finally, we represent an applicationof irregular vague influence graph to show the importance of irregularity in vague graphs.Publisher's Versio

Coretractable modules relative to a submodule

Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ a right $R$-module. Let $N$ be a proper submodule of $M$. We say that $M$ is $N$-coretractable (or $M$ is coretractable relative to $N$) provided that, for every proper submodule $K$ of $M$ containing $N$, there is a nonzero homomorphism $f:M/K\rightarrow M$. We present some conditions that a module $M$ is coretractable if and only if $M$ is coretractable relative to a submodule $N$. We also provide some examples to illustrate special cases

Some properties of vague graph structures

A graph structure is a generalization of simple graphs. Graph structures are very useful tools for the study of different domains of computational intelligence and computer science. A vague graph structure is a generalization of a vague graph. In this research paper, we present several different types of operations including cartesian product, cross product, lexicographic product, union, and composition on vague graph structures. We also introduce some results of operations.Publisher's Versio

The first integral method and traveling wave solutions to Davey–Stewartson equation

In this paper, the first integral method will be applied to integrate the Davey–Stewartson’s equation. Using this method, a few exact solutions will be obtained using ideas from the theory of commutative algebra. Finally, soliton solution will also be obtained using the traveling wave hypothesis

GENERALIZATIONS OF δ-LIFTING MODULES

In this paper we introduce the notions of G∗L-module and G∗L-module whichare two proper generalizations of δ-lifting modules. We give some characteriza tions and properties of these modules. We show that a G∗L-module decomposesinto a semisimple submodule M1 and a submodule M2 of M such that every non-zero submodule of M2 contains a non-zero δ-cosingular submodule

Comparison of Two Manual Therapy Techniques in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Manual therapy techniques are part of physiotherapy treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) which are classified into two groups including nerve mobilization and mechanical interface mobilization. The aim of the study was to find which manual therapy method-technique directed to mechanical interface and nerve mobilization–has superior beneficial effects on clinical and electrophysiological findings in conservative management of patients with CTS. Methods: Thirty patients with CTS participated into two groups namely: mechanical interface and nerve mobilization in this randomized clinical trial. The intervention was performed three times weekly for 4 weeks. Mechanical interface mobilization was directed to structures around the median nerve at the forearm and wrist. Techniques of median nerve gliding and tension were used in the nerve mobilization group. The outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS), symptom severity scale (SSS), hand functional status scale (FSS) and motor and sensory distal latencies of median nerve. Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: At the end of the 4th week of the treatment, the mean of VAS, SSS and FSS significantly improved in both groups (p<0.05), but the difference was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Although the mean of motor and sensory distal latencies of median nerve at the end of the treatment period only improved in the nerve mobilization group (p<0.05), the difference was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Mechanical interface mobilization and nerve mobilization techniques are not superior to each other in reducing pain and improving hand symptoms and functional status

Is there any relationship between mutation in CPS1 Gene and pregnancy loss?

Background: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is a liver-specific enzyme with the lowest enzymatic rate, which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway that converts ammonia to carbamoyl phosphate in the first step of the urea cycle. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D), which usually presents as lethal hyperammonemia, is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease. Case: We report a case of a two-day-old female neonate with lethal hyperammonemia. The newborn infant was presented with hyperammonemia (34.7 μg/ml; reference range 1.1–1.9). In Plasma amino acid analysis, there was a significant elevated levels of alanine (3,004 μmol/L; reference range, 236–410 μmol/L), glutamine (2,256 μmol/L; reference range, 20–107 μmol/L), asparagine (126 μmol/L; reference range, 30–69 μmol/L), glutamic acid (356 μmol/L; reference range, 14–192 μmol/L), aspartic acid (123 μmol/L; reference range, 0–24 μmol/L), and lysine (342 μmol/L; reference range, 114–269 μmol/L). We cannot diagnose the urea cycle disorder (UCD) CPS1D properly only based on the quantity of biochemical intermediary metabolites to exclude other UCDs with similar symptoms. Following next generation sequencing determined one homozygous mutation in CPS1 gene and also this mutation was determined in her parents. The identified mutation was c.2758G > C; p.Asp920His, in the 23 exon of CPS1. This novel homozygous mutation had not been reported previously. Conclusion: We applied whole exome sequencing successfully to diagnose the patient with CPS1D in a clinical setting. This result supports the clinical applicability of whole exome sequencing for cost-effective molecular diagnosis of UCDs

Manual therapy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome in diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Generally, conservative interventions including physiotherapy modalities and manual therapy have been recommended in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but this subject has not been studied in diabetic patients with CTS. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of manual therapy on diabetic patients with CTS. Methods: Thirty diabetic patients with CTS were randomly divided into two equal groups: modality group and manual therapy group. Participants in the modality group received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and therapeutic ultrasound (US) and patients in the manual therapy group received manual techniques for the median nerve and its surrounding structures. Interventions were applied 3 times weekly for 4 weeks in both groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS), symptom severity scale (SSS), functional status scale (FSS) and median neurodynamic test (MNT) were evaluated before and after the interventions in both groups. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Paired t-test revealed that all of the outcome measures had a significant change in the manual therapy group, whereas only the VAS and SSS changed significantly in the modality group at the end of 4 weeks. Independent t-test showed that the variables of SSS, FSS and MNT in the manual therapy group improved significantly greater than the modality group. Conclusions: Manual therapy techniques applied to mechanical interface of the median nerve and nerve mobilization possess more appropriate and valuable effects on hand difficulties than modalities in diabetic patients with CTS